Reflex camera with curtain shutter



Sept. 2, 1952 M. E. P. sTuDDERT Filed May 17, 1948 REFLEX CAMERA WITH CURTAIN SHUTTER 8 Sheets-Sheet l ummm IIIIIIIIILW S 85 I nQentor 95 MEN/rice ETP. 7";1 deff 1 @/M/y A( A ngi@ Sept. 2, 1952 M. E. P. sTuDDERT 2,608,921

REFLEX CAMERA'WITH CURTAIN SHUTTER l Filed May 17, 1948 a sheets-sheet s Invenior Sept 2, 1952 M. E. Pfs'ruDDERT 2,608,921

REFLEX CAMERA WITH CURTAIN SHUTTER Filed May 17, 1948 8 Sheets-Sheet 4 Inventor Mam- 5F57* mayer@ @/gypaZ//WJ y Attorneys Sept. 2, 1952 M. E. P. STUDDERT 2,608,921

` REFLEX CAMERA WITH CURTAIN SHUTTER Filed May 17, 1948 A8 Sheng- Sheet 5 84 f 68 7N 72 )5 62 s/ /h A 4f 77 f 75 7 Il /54 r c c,l 2 J d /1 r l| a l 62 lss A l l 5 ,6l

""Imlll HIHIHIIHII IIIlll Inventor A Maur/'ce s ruddgr Attorneys Sept. 2, 1952 M. E. P. STUDDERT REFLEX CAMERA WITH CURTAIN SHUTTER Fi 1ed May 17, 1948 B Sheets-Sheet 6 Invenior l EP d eff Maurfsw@ Aftorneys' M. E. P. STUDDERT REFLEX CAMERA WITH CURTAIN SHUTTER Sept. 2, 1952 8 Sheets-Shet 7 Filed May 17, 1948 lOl3 64 65 Invenior Hawke' E. Rsfuadn WIr/7 Sept. 2, 1952 8 Sheets-Sheet 8 Filed May 17, 1948 ///V m 3 @Ou MU M W 8 b J Il, Ill MI Il ||||`|1|| o, \l l /L/ -l w v v/ Il lll lill m Hill Il. Rm IHN L /f l ///JAAAAI//l/f x m HMM .8 y Hmm m Patented Sept. 2, 1952 2,608,921 p REFLEX CAMERA wrm CURTAIN sHUT'rEfa Maurice Eyre Persse Studdert, Waterford, Eire; Helena Ruth Katie Studdert, executrix of said Maurice Eyre Persse Studdert, deceased, assignor to Wray A(Cameras) Limited, Bromley, England, a British company pplication'May 17, 1948, Serial No. 27,535

` In-Great Britain May 21, 1947 This "invention relates to photographic carneras and, vin particular, to miniature cameras such as those in which 35 mm. or cinematograph film is used and one of its main objects is to provide a form of camera constructionsuch that a miniature camera can be built as a practical reflex camera for direct focussing thereby elime inating the need of range-finder mechanism while enabling the camera to be of dimensions near to the recognised size of a miniature camera. At the Vsame time, the invention provides a camera of the above type which can be fully automatic so that upon a single winding, it is only necessary to set the shutter speeds and operate a release when a lnumber of pictures can be taken without further preparation; the selection of exposure is a very simple operation and focussing can be car-v ried out at eye level with an image apparently of natural size and all this in a camera embodying a much smaller number of `parts than has been found possible previously in a camerafof .the

grade inV question.

In order to make the above results possible, according to the invention, an optical system is employed in which a prism has one face ground to serve as a focussingscreen for theimage f formed by light entering the `camera lens and re fle'cted by a mirror and other faces of the prism reflect the light from ythe image which leaves at the `rear and entersa magnifying eyepiece.` Thus,

one` -face of the prism serves as the focussing, screen, two other faces for reflectionand the light' finally leavestheface atthe rear'so that a foursidedv prism could be used. However, ias the `prism* is' housed in a well inthe camera body fand, in

such-a type of camera, saving of space yis a dom'-` for selectingthe shutter speed. The electric meter employed is'conveniently adjusted by turn-Y ingits iield'magnet `'about the laxis rof its Vmoving system. I

The mirroryis arranged lto be controlled by the operation of the exposurev releaselmember and when Vreleased may conveniently move upwards 11 Claims. (Cl. 95-42) on a guide out of the shutter space and then initiates the operation of the camera shutter for making an exposure. This movement of the mirror may be effected by a spring which is restressed when the mirror is returned at the end of anl exposure. This return movement is effected by power provided by a hand-wound main spring which mayalso be arranged to feed the film foi` a number of exposures without rewinding.

The shutter arrangements comprise two blinds or equivalent plates and cords which are released so as to move in succession at a time interval determined by the shutter-speed setting member. The operation of the two blinds is preferably effected by a pair of spring-actuated take-up rollers, the springs of which are also rewound and the blinds returned after an exposure by `power provided by the main spring. The shutters are normally held by detents and pivoted levers which are released in succession by a pair of pins or K similar projections and to enable the projections to operate with an adjustable timeinterval, they may be connectedby a slipping clutch which allowsone to be adjusted relatively to the other but causes them to be rotated together when they are freed; they are preferably driven by a further spring also rewound after an exposure by power derived from the main hand-wound spring. In order to control the slower speeds of the shutter, the pair of projections is connected by gearing to a centrifugal governor or brake which thus limits the speed at which the spring can rotate those projections.

It is necessary to make provision for relating the Ashutter speed to the sensitivity of the film in use since other variables such as the aperture used in the camera lens and any filters employed are compensated for by the nature of the exposure .meter system. For this purpose, the coupling between the adjustable part of the electric meter and the shutter setting member is made to include an adjustable element which can rbe adjusted by a manual control graduated in terms of film speeds.

Other components may be fitted including means for automatically igniting flash bulbs or controlling electronic flashes at predetermined times before thecomrnencement of an exposure. For that purpose, one or more pairs of contacts may. be provided, arranged to be actuated upon movement ofthe shutter blinds and connected to terminals on the camera body for connection of leads to an electrically-ignited fiash bulb or an electronic flash.

3 In order that the invention may be more fully explained, an example of a miniature camera for a 35 mm. lm or standard cinematograph llm will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a perspective view of the completecamera;

Figure 2 is an elevation from the iront taken in section through the axes of the lm spools; Figure 3 is a sectional plan on the line III-III in Figure 2; y

Figure 4 is a transverse section taken on the line IV-IV in Figure 2;

Figure 5 is a similar transverse section taken on the line V-V in Figure 2;

Figure 6 is yet another similar section taken on the line VI-VI in Figure 2;

Figure 7 is a section of a detail taken on the line VII-VII in Figure 2;

Figure 8 is a similar section taken on the line VIII- VIII in Figure 2;

Figure 9 is a localised section taken on the line IX--IX in Figure 2;

Figure 10 is an axial section on the line X-X in Figure 2, showing the main driving spring;

Figure 11 is a detailed elevation of the mechanism for providing delayed exposures, taken in section on the line XI-XI in Figure 6;

Figure 12 is a front elevation in section taken.

on the line XII-XH in Figure 4; Y'

Figure 13 is a cross-section taken along the line XIII- XIII of the lower part of Figure 12: Figure 14 is a detailed transverse section on the line XIV-XIV in Figure 12; and

Figure 15 is a diagram of the optical system of the camera.

The camera illustrated has a conventional type of body I as is familiar to users of miniaturecameras. VThe camera is arranged to be operated by a main spring 2, which provides the power for operating the roller blind shutters and the film feed after each exposure and for returning the mirror, and is designed so that one winding of the spring 2 suffices for the operations corresponding to a number of exposures, forexample, twelve, in the embodiment illustrated.

The camera is a reiiex camera with a mirror 3 arranged to slide upwards out of the shutter space on a guiding pillar 4. Y

The optical system will be described more fully later but it may be mentioned that the light received through the lens 5 is reflected by the mirror 3 on to the upper surface 6 of a'pentagona'l prism 1 which is ground and, in'effect, serves as the focussing screen; the image is reflected successively from the faces 8, 9 of the prism 1 and normally can be viewed in a magnifying eyepiece I9 at the back of the camera through an aperture I I in the inner orpfront blind I2 of a pair of shutter blinds. The magnifier may have a magnification of 5 to l which has the effect that with a camera lens of 5 cms. focal length, the image on the focussing screen appears to be of natural size. Thus focussing is normally effected with'the camera at eye level. Y

The mirroiis released by depressing an exposure button I3 and the rising of the mirror initiates the subsequent stages of operation. A

After this preliminary explanation, the different parts will now be described in detail. The spring 2 is wound up by rotating the hollow knurled knob I4 in which the spring 2 and its housing are lodged; The knob I4 is xed to the central axle I5 and on the inside 'of the lower Wall of the knob I 4 is secured aratche't wheel I6. All these parts are located at the bottom on the left of the camera as viewed from the front, as can be seen from Figure 2. The spring 2 is secured to the axle I5 by a rivetl I1 (Figure 10) at its inner end and at its outer end, is .rivetted to an inner' housing I8 by a rivet I9. The housing I8 is free to be turned on the axle I5 and carries a spur wheel 20. The spring has an outer housing 2I fixed to the camera body as at 22 and carries a pawl 23 held by a spring 24 in engagement with the ratchet wheel I8; this pawl and ratchetvconnection prevents the knob I4 from running back when the spring 2 is wound. Winding of the spring enables it to supply the power for carrying out the operations. associated with twelve exposures.

The mirror 3 and its carriage, when released, move up along the guide pillar 4 as already stated but it is possible to mount the mirror 3 pivotally on the bracket 25 (Figure 4) so that it is held by a spring against a stop in the operative position shown, but on rising clear of the shutter space, its front edgeat 26 may engage a fixed pin, not shown, and cause the mirror 3 to be turned downwards so as to save headroom. In that event, the spring would return the mirror to the workingangular position when it is again lowered.

The mirror carriage 25 can be released either by pressing the release button I3 or by automatic delay mechanism. In the former event, on pressing in the exposure button I3, its stem 21 moves down and a projection 28 thereon engages the hooked end of a lever 29 which it rocks clockwise, as seen in Figurei. The lever 29 is xed to a spindle 30 to which also another lever 3l is secured on the other side of the camera, as seen-in Figure 4. By this movement the lever 3I releases the mirror carriage at the point 32. As soonv as the projection 28 has passed the hooked end of the lever 429, the levers 29 and 3| are swung back by a wire spring 33 to their original position where they remain on releasing y the button I3, since the lever 29 is springy and can yield in a plane at right angles to the drawing in Figure 6, and the projection 28 is of such a shape as tocause the lever 29 so to yield that the projection, in moving upwards, can pass it.

The mirror carriage can also be released by means of the automatic mechanism for delayed exposure seen in Figure 6 and shown in detail in Figure 114. On-rotating the setting lever 34 xed to a spindle 35, inthe counterclockwise direction, as seen in Figure 11, the toothed segment 36 is turned and tensions the spring 31 anchored to it at 38; at the same time, the segment 36 drives a pinion 35i-which is connected to a spur Wheel 4 0 through a one Way. slipping clutch comprising a spring arm 4I, the end of which is shaped to engage a ring of slots 42 in the spur Wheel 40. The arm 4I can yield under a certain driving force and jump from one 'slot 42 to the next. The spur wheel 40 drives a pinion 43 xed to a further spur wheel; 44, which, in turn, drives another pinion 45 iixedto `an escapement wheel 46. This last wheel is engaged by a pivotally mounted escapement 41 and during the tensioning of the spring 31 by-turning the lever 34, the escapement is locked by a pin 48 with the clutch 4I, 42 slipping.l The pin 48, as seen in Figure 6, can be retracted by a knob 49 and is tapered at 50 so then it frees the escapement 41 and releases the mechanism; the spring 31 then recovers and turns the segment 36 clockwise, in Figure 11, so that a tail 5I lof the segment 36 pushes down a foot 52 xed by a-vpn '53 to the stem 21 of theexposure button I3 (Figure 6). The latter is, therefore, drawn slowly downwards and releases the mirror carriage 25 after fteen seconds, in the manner already described. The release button I3, it'will be noted, cannot be operated unless the spring 31 is'tensioned, which is the normal condition of the mechanism. The return spring for the button' I3 is shown at 54 in Figure 6.

Whenthe mirror carriage 25 has been released by either of the means described above.

it is driven upwards on the guide pillar 4 by thel coiled compression spring 55 (Figure 2) encircling the bottom of that pillar so that a projection 56 at'` the top of the carriage 25 comes into contact with a lever 51 (Figure 4) fixed to a spindle 58' and thereby lifts that lever as soon as the mirror 3 has risen clear of the shutter space. At the other end of the spindle 58, a detent 59 is fixed (Figure so that detent is lifted clear of a projection 6l)Y which extends from a disc 6 I (Figure 3) which will be referred to'below. The shutter timing mechanism is driven "by a coiled torsion spring 62 anchored at one end at 63 to a fixed spindle 64 and at the other end to a sleeve 65 which can be turned on the spindle 64. The disc 6I is part of an outer sleeve which is keyed to the sleeve 65 at 66 so that when the detent 59 releases the projection 60, the spring 62 which is rewound at the completion of each exposure, can rotate the disc 6I and with it a shuttei` releasing pin 61 which extends from the disc 6I. After rotating counterclockwise as Vseen in Figure 5 through an angle of about 210 degrees,

the projection 60 engages the tail end 68 of thev t.

leases the projection 69 which moves on to its origina-l position engaging the detent 59, as shown in Figure 5. There is a second shutter releasing pin which projects inwardly from a cam 1I (Figure 3). This cam is part of a sleeve integral with a bevel wheel 12 and mounted so that it can turn on the sleeve 65 but is normally prevented from doing so by a slipping clutch 13 through which it is connected to the disc 6I and pin 61.

During the rst 270 degrees of rotation of the shutter releasing pins 61 and 19, they respectively act on levers 14 and 15 (Figures 7 and 8). The tips of these levers engage projections 16 and 11 in order to hold the two shutter blinds in the starting or closed position; thus the pins 61 and 10 release the projections 16 and 11 and levers 14 and 15, when the pins 61 and 19 pass them, are returned to the positions shown in Figures '7 and 8 by flat springs 18 and 19. It can be seen from Figure 12 that the projection 16 extends from a pulley wheel 89 which is secured to a spindle 8l having a similar pulley wheel 82 at its other end. The pulleys 89 and 82 are in effect the roller of the outer or rear blind 83 (see Figures 4 and 12). The inner or front blind. I2. on the other hand, is wound around an upper roller 84 which is loosely mounted on the spindle 8l between pulleys 89 and 82, and the projection 11 extends from one of the end flanges of that roller sov that the levers 14, hold the two blinds in their starting or uppermost positions. The front blind I2 at its lower end is Wrapped around a lower roller 85 which can turn freely on a fixed spindle 86 but is connected to that spindle by a torsion spring 81 xed at its inby an adjusting lever 99 by which the spindle 86` v can be slightly turned, and the lever then held in place by suitable means (not shown) The rear blind, however, is attached to a pair of cords 9I which are wound on the pulleys 89 and 82. However, outside the roller there are va pair of pulley wheels 92, which are free of the roller 85 andl free to turn loose on the spindle 8'6. The cords 9| of the rear blind 83 pass around these pulley wheels 92 as seen in Figures 4 and 5 and are attached to the end flanges 93, 94 of another bottom roller 95 mounted to turnon another fixed spindle 96. In this case also inside the roller there is a spring 91 fixed at one end to the spindle- 96 at 98 and at the other end tothe flange 93 and a lever 99 is also provided to turn the spindle 96 and adjust the initial tension of the spring 91 during manufacture Similar to the adjustment of the spring 81. As will be seen later, at the end of an exposure, the springs 81 and 91 are rewound, placing tension upon the blinds I2and 83 in readiness to draw them down when they arey released by the levers 14 and 15 as described above. In Figure 12, the blinds are shown in the closed position and the image can be seen on the ground face 6 of the prism 1 through the aperture I I in the front blind I2v in that posi'- tion.

The timing of the shutter depends upon the angular setting of the pins 61 and 19 and for setting the pin 19, the bevel wheel 12 which turns with ,itr is adjusted by a setting wheel |09 at the top of the camera, the setting of which can be observed through a transparent Window I9I (Figure 2). The wheel |90 drives through spur gearing I02, a bevel wheel ID3 which engages with the bevel wheel 12 and the ratio of this gearing is such that in one complete revolution of the bevel wheel 12, the wheel |99 makes an exact number lof revolutions so that. as will be ex= plained later, when the shutters have been operated, the wheel |89 returns to its original set'- ting; As already explained, the rotation of the bevel wheel 12 turns the pin 19 relatively to the pin 61 with the clutch 13 slipping but those pins are driven together when the yprojection 60 is released in the way already described, and then of course, the bevel wheel 12 turns with them turning the indicating wheel through a number of complete revolutions. During the operation of setting the pin 19, the pin 61 is prevented from backward rotation due to the friction clutch- 13 by means of a ratchet Wheel |04 and pawl 105 (Figure 8).

The rate 'of rotation of the pin 61 and projection 69 is controlled by a mechanism of the gramophone governor type. A friction Wheel |06 is rigidly connected with the pin 61 and projection 80 (see Figure 2) and drives the mechanism, best shown in Figure 9. This friction wheel |06 drives a pinion 281 fixed to another friction wheel r298 which drives a pinion 209. This last Wheel is fixed to a Wheel 2I9 `which drives the centrifugal governor 2I`I provided with weights 2I2 which fly out and apply a brake if the speed is too high.

On release of the shutter projections 16 and 11, the blinds I2 and 83 are drawn down as already mentioned, the pin 91 first engages the lever 14 and releases the projection 16 so that the front blind I2 rst descends and during the first portion of the downward travel before the lm opening is uncovered, the aperture to the eyepiece I is cut off to prevent the entry of light into the space in front of the iilm. In this way, Vthe acceleration period of the shutter movement is usedfor that purpose. When the front blind |2 is started, the other projection 11 is released at a time depending upon the setting of the pins 61-` and 10 so that the rear blind 83 moves down and, at its lower edge, cuts off the exposure to thelm.

On the upper blind pulley 82 there is a projecting vstud |01 which has two purposes; rst, to act as a limiting stop for the front blind I2 on the roller 84 and secondly, to carry that roller 84 with it through a co-operating projection |01a on Athe end ilange of the roller 84 during the rewinding process.

The roller 84 has a further projection |08 which justbefore the blinds I2, 83 are moved fully down cooperates with a lever |09; the tip I I0 of the llever |09 releases a pin |I| extending from a wheel ||2 (Figures 2 and 4). The wheel ||2 is driven from the main spring 2 through the spur wheel 20, spur wheel ||3, vertical shaft |I4, and bevel wheelsII5, IIS, the latter being on the same shaft as the wheel 2. Thus, the wheel ||2 is free to revolve and a second pin ||1, 180 degrees from the pin ||I, drives the mirror carriage 25 downwards by pressing on a plate 8 until the catch 32 engages with the hook of the lever 3|. The pin ||1 goes on moving until it is stopped by the tip I I Il of the lever |09 which has been returned by a spring ||9 as soon as the projection |08 has passed the lever |09, in which position plate ||8 is able to pass upwards past piri- II1.

vThe spur wheelY ||2 drives a spur wheel |20 xed to the spindle 64 having a cutaway portion |20a subtending an angle of 60 degrees and which in turn, engages a wheel |2| fixed to the shaft 8| -of the roller 84. On the release of the wheel ||2 as described above, the wheel |20 which has half as many teeth as the spur Wheel ||2` is thus driven from the main spring 2 through one complete revolution winding up the spring 62 of the shutter release gear and driving the wheel |2| in such a way as to wind the blinds up again to their original position. When the blinds have been wound back in thisY way and the levers 14, have engaged the projections 16, 11 the cut-away in the wheel |20 seen at I20a is reached, leaving the spurwheel |2| free to revolve when an exposure is made, and in this position, the tip ||0 of the lever |09 stops the wheel ||2.

' The. film feeding sprockets |22 have on their spindle a spur wheel |23 which engages with the wheel II3 driven from the spring 2 through the wheel 6. A wheel |24 on the spindle of the sprockets |22, drives the normal take-up spool, as used in 35 mm, cameras, through a fork |25 which is driven from the wheel |24 through intermediate wheels |26 and |21 and a slipping clutch |28 (Figure 2). This wheel |21 is driven at a greater rate than the corresponding feed of the sprocket |22, so that the clutch |28 allows for the variation in feed per turn necessary to keep tension on the film, both when the take-up spool is empty and nearly full. The wheel |21 is geared at such a ratio that a dial |29 on its upper surface is rotated by one division more than a complete revolution at each exposure and is graduated so as to move forward therefore by one division at each operation and thus shows the number of exposures made against an adjustable 8 mark on a transparent window disc |30 in the top of the camera. j

In. order to enablebulb or brief exposures to be made by keeping the button I3 depressed. a lever I3| is mounted in the top of the camera with its hub formed asV a cam`v |32 (Figures 2 and 4); when the lever I3| is rotated through 180 degrees, the cam |32 acts on a lever |33 and thereby depresses a stirrup bar |34 (Figure 2). The righthand end of the stirrupbar, as seen in Figure 2, is thus moved into the neighbourhood of a projecting plate 15a on the lever 15 which engages the projection 11 controlling the rear or outer shutter blind 83. On pressing the release button I3, a bracket |35 iixed to the stem 21 engages ,the left-hand end of the stirrup bar |34, as seen in Figure 2, to ycause the other end of the stirrup bar to pass under the plate 15a, and thus to prevent the lever 15 releasing the projection 11, so -that While further depressing of the button I3 will release the front blind I2, it prevents the outer or rear blind 83 from being released until the button I3 is allowed to rise and the stirrup bar |34 frees the projection 11, whereupon the blind 83 then moves down to close the shutter.

Provision is made for igniting iiash bulbs automatically at predetermined times. Two cams |30 and |31 on the shutter pulley 80 (Figure 3) are arranged to close two pairs of electrical contacts |38, |39 at the correct time intervals before the shutter is opened. By this means, two alternative time intervals of approximately eight and eighteen milliseconds to suit standard flash bulbs, are provided for, merelyby plugging in the leads to the bulb into the sockets |40 and |4| or |4| and |42 in the camera body, as shown in Figure 8.V

The optical system has already been referred to but is shown diagrammatically in Figure 15 where the same reference numerals are employed as above. The camera lens 5 is a large aperture lens, for example, of l'lve centimeter focal length and the light passing through it and the diaphragm |43 is reiiected by the mirror 3 onto the top'ground glassface4 6 ofthe prism 1, the

vcoursefof the ray |44 being shown to the eye' piece I0. It will be realised that the prism 1 is housed in a small well |45 of the camera body which does not add appreciablyto the bulk. 'I'he lens 5 is focussed by a quick start screw thread I 46 engaging an internal thread in the camera body iitting |41 and operated fromA ,ar small knurled wheel |48 (Figure 4) in the camera cover, through spurl wheels |49, |50.

The shutter speed is set in dependance upon the light by using a photo-electric exposure meter which is sensitive to the light passing through the main lens 5 so that the particular aperture employed and any lter employed in conjunction with the lens 5 are automatically allowed for.

The photo-electric cell |5I is applied to oneside of' theprism 1; this photo-electric cellrreceives diiused light passing lthrough the ground glass face `6 of the prism and which is obviously proportional to the total light passing through thelens 5 and this method does not detract from the brightness of the image on the ground glass screen since only wastelight is'used. No ycorrections have to be made so long as the colour sensitivity of the cell is similar to that of the film in use, except of course for lms with emulsions. of diiierent speeds. A xed mark |52 (Figure 3) is provided on the edge of thefground glass face 6 of the prism 1 so that the pointer r| 53 of an electrical meter connected to the cell |5| moves over it. The pointer I 53 and mark 52 appear on vi) the side edge of the picture asseen inthe eyepiece V||L l The cam i`|| which rotates with the pin 1|] is engaged by the upper end of 'a lever |54 (Figure 5J) andthe shutterl speed is .set 'by rotating the cam H by the disc |06 until the pointer |53 is brought into coincidence'with themark |52 and the shutter speed is then correctly set.

In order to adjust the exposure meter to suit films of different sensitivity a dial |55, operating as will be .describedibelow is provided (Figure 5).

An electrical meter is used in which the zero position is set by rotating the eld structure. Thus, a permanent magnet |56 with pole-pieces |56a is mounted to turn ona pivot |51 attached 'to the camera body andthe magnet is turned .about the axis of the pivot by the cam 1| through vvthe lever |54 which is also pivoted at |51. effect of turning the dial |55 to suit different film 'speeds is tofrotate a ring-shaped' cam |64, the

The

edge of which engages the lever |54, and as the lever |54 is held in contact with the cam '1| by a spring |58, the rotation of the dial |55 slightly rotates the permanent magnet |56 and sets its initial position relatively to the lever |54. happens because 'the cam |64 is connected to the magnet |56 by a piece |59 and the spindle |66 of the dial |55 has a pin |6| which can turn 'the cam |64 about the axis of the spindle |56 but the pin |6| engages in grooves in the inside of the cam |64 so that the latter can move with respect to the pin |6| along the axis of the stem |60. y

It has already been mentioned that during the voperation of the shutter, the cam '1| is turned through one revolution and this would tend to kick the magnet |56 around. However, the end of the lever |54 is connected to the cam |64 by a spring |65, the stiffness of which is such in relation to the inertia of the magnet |56 that when this kick occurs, the spring |65 stretches without substantially moving the magnet |56.

The instrument has a double moving coil armature |62 carried from the xed attachment so as to be deflected against the torsion of coil springs i |63 which also serve to carry the current to and from the coils |62.

I claim:

1. In a photographic lm camera, shutter mechanism comprising, in combination, a rst f ysaid blinds prior to an exposure, first and second retaining means for holding vsaid respective driving springs in the stressed condition, a spring motor, means for stressing said motor beforeeach exposure, means to retain Vsaid motor in .the stressed condition, exposure-initiating"mechanism operatively connected to disengage said retaining means for said motor to release said motor, an actuator for disengaging said rst retaining means and releasing said rst blind and in direct driving connection with said spring motor, a second actuator for disengaging said second retaining means to release said second blind, an adjustable driving connection between said second actuating means and said spring motor permitting of variable timed relationship between the disengagement of said two retaining means, and a manually operated member for adjusting said driving connection for diierent exposure settings.

2. In a photographic lm camera, a shutter This 10 mechanism ,comprising in combination a rst shutter blind, a cooperating second shutter blind, 'individual driving springs for actuating said respectiveshutter blinds during an exposure, means `to ystress said driving springs and set said blinds "prior yto Van exposure, first and second detents for holding said driving springs in stressed condition, ya spring motor, .means for stressing said spring motor before each exposure, a member directly driven vby said motor, acatch engageable `with said drivenfmember to hold said spring motor in stressed condition, exposure initiating mechanism connected to said catch to disengage f said catch from said driven member, iirst cam ymeans connected directly to said driven member to disengage said iirst detent, second cam .means 'for' disengaging said ,second detent, a slipping clutch between said .first cam means and vsaid second ,cam means, means to adjust said second cam 'means in relation to said first cam means, `and means to prevent reverse rotation of said first cam means and said driven'member.

`3.1In a photographic 'film camera, a shutter mechansim comprising in combination a first shutter blind, a vcooperating second shutter blind,

v individual/driving springs for actuating said respective shutter blinds during an exposure, means to str-esssaid driving springs and set Vsaid blinds prior to an exposure, iirst land second detents for 'holding said driving springs in stressed condition, a spring motor, means for stressing said spring motor before each exposure, a, driven member rotatable by said spring motor, a catch engageable with said driven member to hold said spring motor in stressed condition, exposureinitiating mechanism connected to said catch to disengage said catch 'from said driven member, first cam means connected directly to said driven member to disengage said rst detent, second cam means for disengaging said second detent. a slipping clutch between said iirst cam means and said second cam means, means to adjust said second cam means in relation to said rst cam means, means to prevent reverse rotation of said rst `cam means and said driven member, and means to arrest said driven member after one revolution, one revolution of said driven member and said first and second cam means being sufficient todisengage both said first and said second detent.

A4. In a photographic iilm camera, a shutter mechanism comprising in combination a first shutter blind, a cooperating second shutter blind, individual driving springs for actuating said'respective vshutter blinds during an exposure, means to stress said driving springs vand set said blinds prior to an exposure, rst and second detents for holding said driving springs in stressed condition, a spring motor, means for stressing said spring motor before each exposure, a mem- `Lber Vdirectly driven by said motor, a catch engageable with said driven member to hold said spring motor in stressed condition, exposureinitiating mechanism connected to said catch to disengage said catch from said driven member,

rst cam means connected directly to said driven member to disengage said nrs-t detent, second cam means for disengaging said second detent, a, slipping clutch between said rst cam means and said second cam means, means to adjust said second cam means in relation to first cam means, and means to hold said driven member and said first cam means stationary during the stressing of said spring motor, said means for stressing said spring motor being operatively connected to the opposite end of said spring motor. to said drivenmember." g. 5. In'a photographic lm fcamera, a .shutter according to claim '2,ffurther vcomprising bulb exposure means operative upon; actuating said exposure initiating mechanism, to arr-est Said spring motor vafter the disengagementof said first detent and before the disengagement of-said second detent, and means to -retain said bulb exposureV means in inoperative condition.

6. A photographic reflex camera comprising in combination cooperating rst and second shutter blinds, individual driving springs 4for said rst and'second blinds, means to stress said driving springs, means to hold said springs stressed prior `to an exposure, a reflex mirror mounted lfor movement between viewing-and exposure positions, means to movesaid mirror into the exposure position, means to retain said mirror in the .viewing position, manually operable means to .tor,:a first timing member in driving connection with said motor to effect the release of said rst blind, a second timing ,member in adjustable driving connection 'with said motor to eiectl the release of said second blind, and means to adjust the relationship between said rst and second timing members.

7. A photographic camera' comprising in combination rst and second cooperating shutter blinds, individual driving springs to actuate said blinds during an exposure, firstv and second retaining means to retain said shutters set and said springs stressed prior to an exposure, a spring motor, a first timing member in` permanent driving connection with said spring motor to disengage said firstV retaining means, a second timing ymemberin adjustable connection with said motor to disengage said second retaining means, a main power spring, means to stress said main power spring, means to'hold said main power spring inA stressed condition, means driven by said main power springto reset said blinds andv restressr said spring motor and said driving springs after an exposure, means operated by said second blind to release said main power spring after an exposure, and means to arrest said main power spring when said spring .said lm, and a driving connection between said l12 power spring and said nlm advancing means such that said film is advanced when said main power spring isV released after an exposure.

l0. A reflex photographic camera according to claim .7, further comprising a reux mirror mounted for movement between the viewing Aand exposure position, spring means to move' said mirror into theexposure position and means driven by said main power spring to restress said spring means and restore said reflex mirror to the viewing position after an exposure.

11. A photographic camera comprising in combination rst and second shutter blinds, individual spring loaded pulleys to actuate said blinds during an exposure, let off pulleys torset said blinds and stress said springs prior to an exposure, first and second detents engageable with said let ofi pulleys to retain said blindsin set condition, a spring motor, a rst cam member permanently connected to said spring motor to disengage said rst detent, a second cam member to disengage saidsecond detent, a slipping clutch between said first and second cam members, means to set said second cam member relative to said iirst cam member, a hand wound main power spring, gearing connecting said power spring to one of said let oi pulleys, a driving dog providing a driving connection between said let off pulleys during the resetting of said blinds, further gearing connecting said power spring to said spring motor to stress'said spring motor during the resetting of said blinds, a latch normally disposed to latch said gearing, and a detent operated by one of said let off pulleys to release said latch and free said power spring and said gearing towards the end of an exposure movement of said blinds to initiate the winding of said blind springs and said spring motor by said power spring.

MAURICE EYRE PERSSEL STU'DDERT.

REFERENCES CITED UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,449,429 McNaughton Mar. 27, 1923 1,602,483 Freeman Oct. 12,1926 1,631,300 Washington June 7, 1927 1,980,546 Petit et al Nov. 13, 1934 2,025,609 Nuchterlein Dec. 24, 1935 2,048,655 Hineline July 2l, 1936 2,057,198 Marcussen Oct. 13, 1936 2,119,200 Campbell May 31,1938 2,169,001 Mihalyi Aug. 8, 1939 2,256,207 Leitz et al Sept. 16, 1941 2,282,284 Hineline May 5, 1942 `2,297,428 Nuchterlein Sept. 29, 1942 2,330,613 Nuchterlein Sept. 28, 1943 `2,351,978 Kuppenbender June 20, 1944 

